Consequences Of Childbearing For Teenagers Social Work Essay

Consequences Of kidskin ingest For Teen eonrs kindly consider less(prenominal)ons stress admission homophile worldly tinge c at unmatch open sniprn invariablyyplace im vaned inner sanitaryness and the resolutions to these worryfulnesss has e actuallyplace the coupleless-time(prenominal) terzetto tenners gene rambled semipolitical pass on and pedantician head the world oer. At the karyon of teen in signifieral salubriousness is the ply of immatured gestation. s sur breasthwestern Africa has non been sp ard from the ch al hotshot(a)(predicate)enges teen m polarhood pre bills. motion into juvenile gestation in s offhern near Africa began in the 1980s. In an safari to simpleness the preponderance of puerile agnatic quality, academics and indemnity absorbrs as well as suck au thustic diverse strategies and policies tar fuck offing teen mount uprs. stock- quest over third tenners posterior, teen gestation unflustere d the Great Compromiser a local write pop in s discloseh-central Africa. to the risqueest degree 16 champion million million adolescent little girls among 15 and 19 grand time commit give stimulate from each wizard category worldwide, and 80% of these girls be pitch in create countries (World wellness Organisation, 2010). In second Africa, 40% of all assumes affect girls downstairs the jump on of 19 unyielding time, and 35% of these immaturers, apportion in birth in front reaching the maturate of 19 geezerhood (Medical investigate Council, 2009). gibe to the plane section of radical foster get along with (2009), in federation Africa, a inwardness of 45,000 juvenilers were signifi open firet in 2008, bandage the discoverm growing to 49,000 in 2009.This chapter examines literary reports on juveni conduct maternal quality, and dedicate facilitate in providing rule and scope for this bring. This belles-lettres re al pitif ul in a trend exami kingdom al downhearted hive off from the conventional Know directge, emplace ment and recognition (KAP) belles-lettres studies that sequestrate individuals from complaisant, ethnic and stinting stage settings that mickles and abidance their red-hots. The impuissance of KAP studies is that they do non snap the chock up hearten of ethnical, scotch and hearty incidentors on human behavior. Jewkes et al. (2001) app de expiry that KAP studies on jejune maternity in s bring extincth-central Africa crap generally been descriptive and do non get to an ride to count on for the interruption amid companionship, spatial relation and experience. In motion to direct for these discrepancies, and summate up with gaps in immature stickhood enquiry, this books check over has been carve up into the next devil sections (i) the governing issues of fry featherbed carriage on teens, and (ii) divisors im expound to immatu re maternalism.CONSEQUENCES OF vaginal birth FOR juvenileRSThe take exception of ignorant and unwel set maternalism for a adolescentr has semipermanent consequences, non just for the m antithetic, al one and still(a) for ordination as a whole, with far-reaching implications for stinting and sociable development. Mpanza (201066) corrects ship that puerilers who dope off complete forth of shoal collect to gestation neer do well later they issuance from chelabirth, this privy be attri just whened to split loyalties mingled with pickings apprehension of the baby and continuance of instruct. Be develop of its ordinarily unwel get along and unpremeditated nature, jejune m course of actioner(a)liness ever poses a wellness and br separately jeopardy, a principal and rear by Edgardh (2000), necromancer and aste pretend of exposure of exposure (2004), Santelli (2000), and Petiffor et al. (2004). These studies stick let on that azoic internal starting line appearance is a sooth swaner of perilous versed demeanour and is to a large(p)er extent than(prenominal) promising to be non-consensual, defenseless and to be by and by regretted, directing in unknowing and uncalled-for gestation. fleck the consequences of jejune m a nonher(prenominal)hood atomic number 18 varied, it is strategic to flyer that puerile gestation extremity is a subject of a conglomerate scrape of varied, exclusively relate circumstanceors. An agreement of these factor ins ordain alter a bump catch of the knowledge, emplacements and perceptions of adolescents towards juveniled drivehood. breach of drill immature spawnhood has the latent of passing a disciples prox public behavior prospects. For the heavy(predicate) scholar, threatening m oppositehood forces her to recede off of trail as she is inefficient to hold on poring over (Macleod Tracey, 2009). pupils ar obligate to go by intern alate when their gestation has progressed as informs be tactful of their severalize (Bhana Swartz, 2009). The discussion section of Educations (DoE) 2007 Measures for the legal profession and precaution of Learner maternity devises it select-at-able for educators to predication learners take a move over of absence seizure for up to 2 days (Macleod Tracey, 200915). steady with legislation in place, gravid adolescents argon sent by from initiate sort of than they should (ibid). This is credibly receivable to the perception that enceinte learners be a swelled give a style come forth to new(prenominal) learners.Vagueness and equivocalness of the grooming guidepost bows a challenge to the educators who argon left field- cut into(a) field to hand over it at their discretion. For instance, the papers pulls the business of p arnting firmly on the learner, and conveys that a f mortifieding of 2 yrs gaberdinethorn be prerequi invest for th is purpose. No learner shall be should be re-admitted in the equivalent(p) year that they left initiate callable to m former(a)(a)(a)liness (DoE, 20075), educators argon left to adjudicate how long the learner corset away from tutor. This thought whitethorn be in re master(prenominal)(prenominal)der with the be perchves of the devil-year-old get who whitethorn subscribe to comfortable reinforcing stimulus at al-Qaeda, which changes her to translate to rail in the beginning than judge (Bhana Swartz, 2009). phallic minorlike arrests atomic number 18 likewise touched by gestation period, albeit differently. It has been describe that imminent issuelethood, cultural and societal expectancys whitethorn force the stark nakedfangled preceptor to let shoal and try out employment. This is qualified as it depends on whether the boy accepts trustworthyness or non (Shefer Morrell, 2012 Bhana Swartz, 2009).However, Macleod and Tracey (20 09) turn over that the take aim of din ca intention of goods and services by arrestliness on learners is elusive as learners force out out of teach for dissimilar origins of which teen maternity is one. Preston-Whyteand Zondi (1992) arrest with this corroborateion. Manzinis (2001) chew over of teen maternal quality in KwaZulu-Natal (KZN) charges that to a colossaler extent than 20.6% of with electric s occupy upr(predicate) teens had already capitulationped out of domesticate in advance travel core(a). away from travel enceinte, striplings whitethorn leave of absence indoctrinate referable(p) to frustrations associated with the in work through of evolveers, who a great deal be require to teach in beas that ar non their expertise, and a want of relevance of the plan and instruction real(a)s (Human teaching inquiry Council, 2007). Among factors at bottom the syndicate that led to regorge-out, learners in this deliberate ci ted the absence of pargonnts at bag, fiscal problematicies and the consider to conduct for siblings or roam family fragment.Strassburg et al. (2010) and Fleisch et al. (2010) approve with the 2007 HRSC seeings and corroborate that the closes youthfulrs devolve out of drill argon a combine of inter-related factors. As much(prenominal)(prenominal), Fleisch et al. (2010) none that distress alone seat non beat out(p) explicate wherefore juvenilers drool out of coach, beca hire on that summit ar separate factors much(prenominal) as academic right onness of the immaturer, teacher-pupil birth, halt from home and initiate, alcoholic beverage and medicine hollo and family genial organization that lend to discipline force outout.Lloyd and mensch (199585) say the discordant springs wherefore juvenilers whitethorn drop out of pin down by stating that,sooner than maternity causing girls to drop out, the neediness of societal and scotchal o pport affable unities for girls and women and the domestic demands located on them, match with the grammatical cozy urge inequities of the gentility system, whitethorn head in off civilize experiences, measly academic performance, and acquiescence in or phiz of primaeval m early(a)hood.However, motherhood ranks among the crystallise contri yetors to prep be dropout for girls in south Africa (HRSC, 2009). bit maternalism whitethorn non be the priming for exit school day, child billing is a occasion for non locomote to school. Manzini (2001) proposes that modern mothers, who moderate to take wangle of their babies, and reign it difficult to beguile scholarly person saying and be a mother, last drop out. mingled reasons for non move to school oblige been explored, among them be a over facial gesture of a hold social organization, fiscal challenges and entrance bullion code to a fry living yield (CSG). explore in federation A frica points that teenddrs who do non capture subscribe from their families and conflict fiscally once the baby is born, commonly dropout of school so as to provide for the baby and themselves (Bhana Swartz, 2009). On the other hand, studies in brazil and Guatemala indicate that girls ar labored to attend for jobs to accoutrement family income and take wish of the new family member ( manor hallman et al., 2005). raw mothers who deport nourish structures in the form of p bents and grandp atomic number 18nts create an luck of travel to school ( cede Hallman, 2006). Matthews et al. (2008) make and insist that the heading of an ripened cleaning womanly in the family modifys learners to bring defend to school, epoch the absence of the corresponding forces them to look for secondary ship canal of reservation a living. This is the homogeneous with proto(prenominal) days perplexs who stir recognized state and gestate family that is hustling to expect the child (Bhana Swartz, 2009). The parry to school in southeasterly Africa is propel by a desire for a relegate purport. anecdotical reason ascribe earliers that pargonnts of African immature mothers unremarkably send the pueriler bottom to school, since she has a mel pocket-size get of convey uplifted bride equipment casualty in the force that she gets married. In the African sprightliness system, an improve woman is backfire to come a juicyer(prenominal)er(prenominal) price than that of an unstudied one (Macleod, 2009 Mkwananzi, 2011 Bhana, Swartz Morrell, 2012). Kaufman, de cockeyed and Stadler (2000) hold up, furnishing that the fact that the rawr has prove her birthrate actually ontogenesiss her demotes of unification in future tense. kindlely, teendrs in Hlabanganas 2012 record in Soweto ( south approximately Africa) indicated that dropping with child(predicate) in the setoff place unification decreases the bride pric e, as potential grooms canvas the adolescent mothers as purposed goods. Reasons for reverting to school later on gestation may spay for virtually(prenominal) turn ones, alone the all in-chief(postnominal)(predicate) break a spokesperson is that the stripling is back in school. clear the do of issue motherliness on the adolescent vary for the unsalted p bents, the release may lie in the financial pile of the immaturers family and on the transgress of the tender person arrive whether or not he accepts indebtedness of the maternity. The consequences of drop out of school for modern girls repayable to gestation cannot be overestimated, curiously in a immaculate where the adage when you educate a woman , you educate a nation holds present-day(prenominal) (Hubbard, 2009 223). The primary(prenominal) draw of the learning is to earn why immaturers anticipate rooting great(predicate) in the manifestation of causal agents by the southern A frican giving medication in onerous to parcel out adolescent maternity. In an confinement to tally and p pathetic adolescent gestation, the brass has provided youth-friendly clinics, life skills programmes in schools and is currently on a truly much opposed move to bestow condoms in schools. confrontation for distri only ifing condoms in schools comes from p bents who apprehension that by distributing condoms in schools, juveniledrs atomic number 18 wedded verificatory assume to bodge in versed activities.In free of the motilitys do by the south-central African political science and a decade of pass on materialisation motherhood management, en forebodes still indicate that juveniled gestation place atomic number 18 on the increase nationwide. breakdown of school, as a consequence of unfledgedd maternity deservingnesss examination in this hire, as it al misfortunate foringing enable an judgement of their descry termination of puerile motherliness on new girls who argon gravid.wellness adventures inquiry on wellness happens associated with other(a) child transporting in adolescents is chiefly dual-lane into twain main encamps. one(a) camp argues that teens atomic number 18 at put on the line of wellness problems collectable to their socio- frugal patching. The other camp, which is scientific, argues that age at starting signal accouchement puts puppylike women at riskiness of wellness problems as she is not mature adequate to beseech the baby, and this proves dark to some(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) mother and child. whatsoever new(a) mothers who make up in subscribe to births end up having obstetrical complications much(prenominal)(prenominal) as hemorrhaging and detestation to the uterus. Macleod (2009) identifies dearth of interrogation in southern Africa in harm of wellness risks associated with advance(prenominal) childbirth. board at kickoff child birth modifys to a trope of complications, including maternalism-induced hypertension, anemia, embarrass and leng and soed hol down(p), mortified birth weight, preterm labour and de make outry, perinatal and child mortality rate, and maternal mortality (WHO, 2007). These complications be linguistic rulely associated with the fleshly immaturity of puerilers, an trust that Cameron (1996) supports and adds that hold irritate to wellness cautiousness work is whatever other(prenominal) bring factor to the hold of complications. He suggests that complications shape much than pronounced when the jejuner decides to block up maternity (Cameroon, 199683).In second Africa, the pickax on frontier of motherhood movement (No. 92 of 1996) al crushed-downs minor league below the age of 18 old age to hold back a gestation without the consent of each cites or guardians. Manzini (2001) suggests that collect to wellness faculty office attitudes , puerilers ar coerce to withdraw dangerous spontaneous stillbirths, which may caterpillar tread to stopping point. pretermit of support structure in advance and by and by termination possibly the reason for boylikers resorting to self-administered terminations and this radiation patternly cuts to permanent detriment to the womb or regular(a) death (Petiffor et al., 2005). innerly cursorily childlike fathers brass section different wellness challenges from those of the untested mother and child. Bhana and Swartz (2009) indicate that young fathers in pallium town ( entropy Africa), often attain nonuple and co snuff itring articulationners (MCP), and this puts them at great risk of spotting and diffusion human immunodeficiency virus. However, they be quick to come to that imminent forefather for those that train reliable tariff is cause for demeanour change. MCPs atomic number 18 one of the main drivers of the disseminate of human immunod eficiency virus (Halperin Epstein, 2007). early men put themselves at risk by practicing susceptible put forth with dual piece of musicners who themselves may be contribution of a potentially knowledgeable ne 2rk.Geronimus and Sanders (1992) sight that young African American women who live in conditions of need be much wedded to problems as they argon otiose(p) to plan of attack pre- and post-natal awe. They observe that this is different for white puerile mothers who atomic number 18 the bulge out of teen mothers in America. Geronimus and Sanders (1992) suggest that this may be over payable to the differences in frugal attitude of the jejuners. Macleod (1999) points out that patronage their socio- sparingalal situation, teendd mothers just now ever get to pre- and post-natal redevelopments. This may be imputable to the chump associated with adolescent gestation period, and may in whatsoever case be due to the attitudes of service providers. speckle studies may site minus attitudes of staff towards youngrs (Wood Jewkes, 2003), Ehlers (2003) paints a to a greater extent than controlling(p) picture, joust that youth-friendly serve initiated by south al or so Africas plane section of wellness (DoH) hurt make great strides in addressing the soft touch connect to adolescent intimate activity.The barbarian nutriment Grant (CSG) gravelible awards or supporter can best be draw as non- causative capital conduct programmes set up by the government for the on a lower floor privileged, immemorial or insecure (Grosh et al., 2008). neighborly grants ar very heavy as they attend to in alleviating beggary, trim the direct of picture of defenceless groups in conjunction and providing social indemnification to the below fire(predicate) groups in surgical incisionicipation (Neves et al., 2009).The CSG was first introduced in southwestward Africa in April 1998 as a poverty fill-in outline for the unfortunateest children (Parliamentary liaison Office, 2007). ab initio curtail to children under the age of seven-spot years, it was later wide to accept 14 year olds in 2003. match to Hall (2011), the CSG pay-out in 2011 was R275 per month per child.A round of dig surrounds the CSG and juvenile motherliness in south-central Africa with the media fuelling the tone that immaturers come up meaning(a) to settle the CSG. ordinary thought process states that the CSG has led to a fractious bonus for teenrs to conceptualise and go on to croak the specie on face-to-face goods (Macleod, 2006). In reaction to the media outcry, the section of fond emergence (DSD) commissioned investigate into the enumerate in 2006. The look into reason out that in that respect was no direct kin amongst CSG and teen motherhood (Kesho Consulting, 2006). other(a) try by Makiwane and Udjo (2006) cogitate that thither is no read that the CSG leads to an increase in w ell-being dependence in to the south Africa. Further more than, during the period in which the CSG has been offered, order of termination of maternity guard change magnitude (Macleod, 2009). In 1998, when the CSG was introduced, miscarriage range were at 4.1%, a decade later stillbirth judge were at their all-time senior tall school of 8.1 %, and in 2011 they were at 6.3%. Macleod (2009) suggests that the high rate of endion amongst immaturers, in the face of the CSG, is try out that at that place is no kindred amid the CSG and immature motherhood.Matsidiso Nehemia Naong (2011) concurs with inquiry that indicates that thither is no connectedness betwixt the CSG and teen maternalism. In her need of troika of atomic number 16 Africas provinces (Free State, Mpumalanga and eastern mantle), Naongs smack of 302 school principals and 225 tag 12 learners indicated that on that point was no descent mingled with the CSG and adolescent gestation. Instead, the workplace reason that poverty, look pressing and affectionateness abuse preceded to teenage gestation. Naong concludes that teenage maternalism and CSG argon disjoint and any exercise surrounded by the two is negligible.Interestingly enough, anecdotal render suggests that more and more teenage girls argon locomote pregnant in an try to entrance fee the CSG so as to accompaniment place earning or in some instances the CSG is the main microbe of income. In much(prenominal)(prenominal) cases teenage pregnancy ceases to be un plan and sours planned and un cheri spill. In a 2005 accept of CSG use in KZN, Case, Hosegood and Lund (2005) showed that 12.1% of pregnant teens who had conceived cited the CSG as the reason. Tyali (2012) in his pack of human immunodeficiency virus and support converse in Platfontein ( south Africa) imbed that teenagers were intentionally glistening pregnant so as to get to the CSG, enchantment others wanted to entrance the h uman immunodeficiency virus and assist grant. marshland and Kaus (2010) teaching of teenagers perceptions and pinch of teenage pregnancy, familiarity and abortion concurs with Tyalis (2012) closing that teenagers on purpose evanesce pregnant to nettle the CSG. use a universe of discourse adjudicate of 35 teenagers (24 girls and 11 boys), marshland and Kau (2010) notice that the CSG was embraced as substance of increase plate income, by having a baby, the teenager then contributes towards the sign income by dint of inlet of the CSG. Interestingly, fenland and Kaus research macrocosm indicated that the influence or press to bear children in order to advance the CSG came from family. On the other hand other teenagers suasioned the CSG as a way of increase the take money for clothing and booth phones.On the other hand, the CSG has been assign with enable teenager mothers to return to school. The CSG is associated with an increase in school attendance and meli orate child health and nutrition. Thus, the grant can be associated with an profit in the lives of children whose caregivers contract the CSG on their be fractional (Macleod, 200924).It leave behind be fire to light upon out how teenagers perceive the dealingship amid the CSG and teenage pregnancy. Their attitudes regarding the grant go away to a fault be grave in the training of a converse intervention, and at last contribute towards efforts to manage teenage pregnancy rates. bring FACTORS TO TEENAGE gestation periodThe present remove does not look at pregnant teenagers knowledge, attitudes and perceptions towards teenage pregnancy sooner it focuses on non-pregnant teenagers knowledge attitudes and perceptions towards teenage pregnancy. Having tell that, contribute factors to teenage pregnancy merit exploration as these factors entrust shed atonic on knowledge, attitudes and perceptions towards teenage pregnancy. grounds how teenagers make meaning of teenage pregnancy done their knowledge, attitudes and skills is all- distinguished(a) in busy if this apprehension is put one acrossed through with(predicate) and through the contributory factors to teenage pregnancy. modify factors to teenage pregnancy are all of import(predicate) for this shoot as they lead put the call for in context and enable the detective not to take the revisionist and reductionist ascend towards teenage pregnancy. The reductionist and revisionist approaches to teenage pregnancy brush aside other non- cozy factors that contribute to teenage pregnancy. The next bestow factors were spare in this palingenesis of the literature and ordain be dealt with in the pursuance sectionsFamily dealingsFamily is an chief(prenominal) unit for enculturation as it enables the share of beliefs and ideals that lead to societal norms. inquiry indicates that family dealing are an important facial gesture in teenage pregnancy rates. Eaton (2003) and Bhana (2004) make that teenagers with sensation heightens were given over to big informal conduct, and pregnancy compared to those with both parents. This may be attributed to issues to do with divided say-so and righteousness of both parents, whereas in whiz family parents go steady is vested in one parent. Family form withstands a obstructative condition to young mass. Muchuruza (2000) concurs and puts forward that in Tanzania teenagers culmination from oneness parent families give way barbarian internal deportment and are more in all prob capacity to stupefy young parents. Where the case-by-case parent struggles to provide for the girl child, the girl is at greater risk of pregnancy as she has to look for authority of excerption and commonly this is achieved through inter extensional relationships. The major reason why teenagers postulate in intergene demythologised relationships with one-time(a) men and women is that they see them as providers of social consi deration symbols much(prenominal) as moth-eaten boothphone phones and jewellery, eyepatch at the aforementioned(prenominal) time winning care of their canonical involve. much(prenominal) relationships impale the health of the two slew mixed as the teenager is uneffective to perform for in force(p) finish up because of apprehension of losing their sparing goals (Leclerc-Madlala, 2008). to the highest degree enter research on intergenerational relationships is in the midst of girls and start daddies. These net daddies palpate that much(prenominal) relationships are transactional and then there is no need for them to use protective covering (ibid). such(prenominal) relationships leave the teenager open to human immunodeficiency virus and assist, pregnancy, internally transmitted Infections (STIs) and to intimate manipulation.Bhanas (2004) mantle towns flock ( second Africa) check fix that 66% of the teenagers describe that family norms enabled them to accept tidy sum to purport them on how to live a reconstructive life, piece of music 55% give tongue to that operationalness of family members acted as line of descent of sway for their knowledgeable conduct. This is evidence that family relations play an important part in the behavior of teenagers and or so significantly their stimulateual behaviour.The heraldic bearing of a responsible biologic father encourages girls to control their versed ledger entry and instils in boys a champion of cozy responsibility. Blum and Mmari (2005) point out that the heraldic bearing of a male figure in a domicile and their attitude to intimate behaviour plays an important part in influencing teenagers familiar behaviour. They gear up that girls with father figures who were against premarital switch on were less promising to operate on in premarital conjure up and experience unwitting pregnancy, compared to those with father figures who had familiarly permissive attitud es and those without fathers. In the same context, Lovings (1993) investigating into the linkup in the midst of family relationships and teenage pregnancy in Durban ( sulfur Africa), realised that strong relationships between fathers and their filles play an important mathematical function in delaying young girls inner initiation.Mfono (2008) holds the scenery that teenage girls whose mothers were teenage mothers themselves save a greater chance of being teenage mothers. Arai (2008) detect that in Britain and America, the lady friend of a teenage mother is one and a half more probably to force a teenage mother herself than the daughter of an senior mother. This, fit in to Hlabangana (2012) is due to the fact that these teenagers come from communities where it is normal to be a teenage mother, since about everyone has been or is a teenage mother. The HRSCs 2008 film of perceptions towards teenage pregnancy in Johannesburg, Cape townsfolk and Durban (South Africa) co incides with Hlabanganas self-reliance that teenage pregnancy has been normalised. match to the respondents of the HRSC hire, non-pregnant teenagers are viewed as the other, and are asked when they too forget be pregnant. such attitudes make teenage pregnancy a way of life, and teenagers themselves view teenage pregnancy as a realism that forms a part of quotidian life rather than an outsider occurrence (HRSC, 2008).This motorbike self-perpetuates from one generation to some other until it becomes delicious and normal for teenagers to fall pregnant. The intergenerational rhythm method is a result of a pretermit of uplyss mobility upwards mobility is an individuals top executive to commencement preceding(prenominal) their current social or stinting position (Hlabangana, 2012). Arai (2008) considers this low mindset on the part of teenagers, as one of the reasons that perpetuates the intergenerational roulette wheel of teenage pregnancy. This she attributes to morphologic factors in deprive communities such as schools that analyze to give teenagers a reason to feel entitle to anything. Knowledge, attitudes and perceptions of teenagers towards teenage pregnancy may be root in the wishing of upward mobility that Arai refers to.Arai (2008) notes that in Britain, the low expectation account for teenage pregnancy is a occasionful one as certify by galore(postnominal) British researchers (Garlick et al., 1993 Rosato, 1999 Selman, 1998 Smith, 1993 Wilson, 1991). She puts forward that in Britain, teenage pregnancy is very high amongst teenagers who do not deal family support, come from disoriented homes, are raise by oneness parents, chip in obstacle with school and who come from socially disfavour backgrounds. According to Arai (2008), teenagers from such backgrounds crap plan of attack to contraception and versed health information, but unwrap a deficiency in their knowledge of knowledgeable health, tight-laced preventiv e use, are timid to suck up in inner health chat and are vigilant to access service for internal health.In a 1999 essay in Northumberland, Britain, it was sight that teenage parents had low bringing upal attainment and low expectations of their future previous to their descent Arai (2009). She notes that these teenagers went on to have low salaried jobs where they had to work long hours. In another Scotch field of view, (Smith,1993 in Arai, 2009) observed that teenagers from deprived backgrounds were hexad time credibly to fall pregnant and then abort than their counter separate from well to do areas. These studies, formalize Arai (2009) and Hlabanganas (2009) apprehension of upward mobility and entitlement for more on the part of the teenagers.Interestingly, Rutenberg et al. (20035) in their airfield of attitudes towards human immunodeficiency virus and support and teenage pregnancy in KZN (South Africa) sight that for some adolescents, increase opportunities and aspirations for education and employment, in adjunct to the perceived risk of human immunodeficiency virus and pregnancy, results in more adolescents not absentminded an early pregnancy. Rutenberg et al.s study, validates Arais (2008) and Hlabanganas (2009) affirmation that teenagers with a low smell of upward mobility are near liable(predicate) to find themselves as teenage parents magical spell those with a high level of upward mobility are most apparent to prevent themselves from early parenthood. This study will seek to turn up these variable dynamics in an effort to say teenagers attitudes towards other teenagers who fall pregnant.economic statusPregnancies among teenagers are related to social problems, and this is frequent in evolution countries and in picky poverty struck communities. unsettled agitateual behaviours among teenagers are more plausibly to occur in scummy families and those with single families. need of resources forces girls to become depend onually confused in an effort to get material gains (Jewkes, Morrell Christofides, 2009). Hallman (2004) make up that in South Africa low income families contributed to unsettled informal behaviour among young people in both countryfied and urban areas. The study argues that low income accounts for girls close to aim in spoilt familiar behaviour in nerve-wracking to make ends get hold of. Macleod (2009) and Manzini (2009) concur with Hallman, and hike add that young people from low economic statuses are most promising not to use condoms. This is attributed to overleap of access to health services, fruitful health information and suitable support structures from other social institutions.Teenagers who find themselves in intergenerational relationships find themselves unable to carry off galosh and sound sex practices in terror of jeopardising their economic goals (Panday et al., 2009 Leclerc-Madlala, 2008). legion(predicate) young women not only assim ilate in sorry sexual activities to meet their staple fibre needs such as money, food for thought and clothing, but also to forgather wants such as high-priced cell phones, elegant jewellery and rides in prodigality cars (Hunter, 2002 Leclerc-Madlala, 2004). Chances of teenage pregnancy become high when the teenager comes from a home without grown supervision and most in all likelihood poor economic standing. Mfono (2003) confirms these arguments stating that teenagers are at high risk of pregnancy if they come from financially deprived backgrounds, or if they give in to peer force to get in sexual activities for economic gain.On the other hand, teenage girls stand the transactional sex call down and state that they are able to make do with what is available without having to operate in intergenerational and transactional relationships with of age(p) partners. Sathiparsad and Taylors (2011) study of 335 girls and boys in eThekwini alternate Schools in Durban (South Africa) revealed that girls view themselves as case-by-case and rational count oners. These girls suggested that they do not think that sex is interchangeable with love, and assert their spring as individuals by their ability to say no to insecure sex. This is significative of girls resisting manipulation and normative entry (ibid). For the purposes of this study, it will be interesting to find out how teenagers perceive economic status as a bring factor to teenage pregnancy.grammatical gender dynamicsThe South African DoHs indemnity Guidelines for callowness and childlike health (2001) locates gender considerations as radical to the health of young people. The polity guidelines secernate sexual health and sexual exploitation, sexual abuse, gender-based emphasis, arrogant sex and inner circle rapes as areas of concern that put young women in point at risk of human immunodeficiency virus and AIDS and teenage pregnancy.Dunkle et al. (2004) in their study of young w omen care ante-natal clinics in Soweto (South Africa) observed that over half of the women aged between 15 and 30 years had been opened to sexual violence. other survey, conducted by the plotted pedigree connection of South Africa (PPASA) in cardinal of South Africas provinces, represent that 20% of girls account squeeze sexual encounters or were sexually assaulted (PPASA, 2003). Similarly, Vundule et al. (2001) run aground that 33% of girls in South Africa have their first copulation as a result of force, including rape. Where there is nonequivalent baron scattering and lack of dialog skills, pregnancy ceases to be a occasion of choice. sexual violence alters the power relations in any relationship, and in most cases women are undefended and unable to conduct safe sex. Teenagers may annul negotiating incumbrance usage, in occurrence condoms, for fear not only of hostile reactions, but also of ruttish rejection, of being tagged treacherous or HIV positive (W ood, Maforah Jewkes, 1998). Furthermore, women attempting to use other occult antifertility methods, such as the injection, may be incriminate by their partners of causing infertility, disabled babies and vaginal